Inductance and Capacitance

Resistance is a concept used for direct currents whereas impedance is the alternating current equivalent. Different materials have different resistances. As to impedance, inductance and capacitance have to be considered. Though the calculation for their value is the same: R=V/I, inductance and capacitance have different fundamental bases.

Inductance is most obvious in coiled wire. When a current flows through a wire a circular magnetic field is created around it. If you coil the wire into a solenoid the fields around the wire sum up and you get a magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet on the outside but you get a uniform magnetic field on the inside. 

Capacitance is a property best illustrated by two metal plates separated by an insulator, which we always call a capacitor. The capacitance is defined as the charge stored/displaced across a capacitor divided by the potential difference across it and can also be calculated by the size of the plates and the permittivity of the insulator.